Pierre de la Ramee (Peter Ramus)

Paris

1536 (MA)

His thesis was titled "the authority of Aristotle are overelaborate, contrived, and artificia"l. Studied under a Dominican Priest.

Philosophical writings lead to his dissmissal by the church to teach ever. Was overturned by a friend later.

Responsible for the revival of math, geometry, astronomy, and physcis into educational curriculum.

Died in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

Philosophy

Mathematics

Theology
 

Henricus (Henri) Brucaeus

College Royal, Paris

1550

 Texts include subjects on plague, scurvy, and math of spheres and motion

Medicine

Mathematics

Petrus (Pieter) Pauw

University of Rostock, Germany

1587 (MD)

 Introduce a text on skeletal anatomy, especially facial and intestinal. Medicine
 

Menelaus Winsemius

Leiden, Holland

1613 (MD)

 Professor of anatomy, botany (a common subject in medicine for drug source), and medicine.

Botanist

Medicine
 

Johannes A. Van Der Linden

University of Franeker, Holland

1630 (MD)

 Books include subjects on physiology, milk, and venereal disease.

Medicine

Botanist
 

Petrus (Peter) Hoffvenius

Leiden, Holland

1660 (MD)

Father of Swedish Medicine.

Studied the pineal gland and respiration.

 Medicine
 

Petrus (Per) Elvius (older)

Uppsala, Sweden

1688 (MA)

Designed a Copernican planetarium.

First to give lectures in Swedish instead of Latin.

Astonomy

Physics
 

Anders Gabriel Duhre

Uppsala, Sweden

1711

Wrote the first textbook on Algebra in Swedish.

Mathematics

Physics

Samuel Klingenstierna

Uppsala, Sweden

1717

First to develop the theory for designing achromatic spherical lenses without aberrations.

Physics
 

Bengt Ferrner

Uppsala, Sweden

1751

Was an industrial spy for the King of Sweden while in England

Designed the astronomical instruments to view Halley' comet.

Astronomy

Physics

Torbern Olaf Bergman

Uppsala, Sweden

1758

First to use diagrams and symbols to explain chemical reactions instead of prose.

Credited as the founder of Quantitative Analysis and establishment of geology as a scientific discipline.

Defended his first thesis under the direction of Carl Nilsson Linne

First to classify rock: uråldrige (primative), flolägrige (bedded), hopvräkta (swept-together), and vulkaner (volcanic).

Butterfly (Phalaena Tortrix Bergmanniana Lediana), Mineral (torbernite) and lunar crater (Bergman) named for him.

Geology

Physics

Chemistry
 

Johann Afzelius

Uppsala, Sweden

1776

 Isolated formic acid from ants, and studied the chemistry of nickel and oxalic acid.  

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Uppsala, Sweden

1802

First to use one or two letter symbols for elements instead of Dalton's symbols

Placed the elements in order of the way they take up charge (electronegativity), so Oxygen was first and Potassium last.

First to discover Cesium, Selenium, and Thorium

 Chemistry

Fredrich Wohler

Heidelberg, Germany

1823

First to isolate Beryllium

Disproved the theory of "vitalism", that organic material could not be synthesized from inorganic minerals and rock, by sythesizing Urea from Ammonium Cyanate (1828)

 Inorganic Chemistry

Heinrich Limpricht

Gottingen, Germany

1850

    

Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig

Gottingen, Germany

1858

 Wurtz-Fittig Reaction Organic Chemistry

Ira Remsen

Gottingen, Germany

1870

First Chemistry Chair at John Hopkins University

1878 with Postdoctoral Fahlberg, they discovered saccharin

President of John Hopkins 1901-1912

 Organic Chemistry
 

Elmer P. Kohler

John Hopkins, Maryland

1892

    

James Bryant Conant

Harvard, Massachutes

1916

 "Conant's 'several lives' included periods as a chemistry instructor, University president, national director of defense research, ambassador to Germany and as an author of critical works examining secondary education in the United States."  
 

Louis F. Fieser

Harvard, Massachutes

1924

 Inventor of Napalm, which originally was made of aluminum naphthenate and aluminum palmita  

William Garfield Dauben

Harvard, Massachutes

1944

 "Professor Dauben's research interests centered primarily on the structure and synthesis of alicyclic compounds, with particular emphasis on stereochemistry and photochemistry. He was known for his work on polyene photochemistry, particularly with vitamin D." U.C. Berkeley Organic Chemistry

John H. Richards

University of California, Berkely

1955

 http://chemistry.caltech.edu/faculty/richards/index.html Organic Chemistry

Elgin Alexander Hill

California Institute of Technology

1961

 http://alchemy.chem.uwm.edu/research/hill/eah.html Physical Organic Chemistry

Michael L. Gross

University of Minnesota

 

 http://wunmr.wustl.edu/Faculty/MGross/ Physical Organic Chemistry